Site güvenilirlik kriterleri

WEBVTT 00:00:01.564 --> 00:00:05.889 Was sind die Bewertungskriterien für die Zuverlässigkeit einer Website? 00:00:06.470 --> 00:00:11.096 Wir haben dies in verschiedenen Einheiten zu verschiedenen Themen behandelt. 00:00:11.135 --> 00:00:13.839 Lassen Sie uns jetzt schnell eine Zusammenfassung geben. 00:00:14.520 --> 00:00:18.143 Es gibt 7 Kriterien für die Bewertung der Sicherheit einer Website. 00:00:20.114 --> 00:00:23.036 Im Wesentlichen werden wir benötigen, worauf wir achten werden. 00:00:23.857 --> 00:00:30.321 Erstens, Sicherheitszertifikat, Sicherheitsprotokoll, also ob HTTPS verwendet wird oder nicht. 00:00:30.801 --> 00:00:31.622 Zweitens, Aktualität. 00:00:32.182 --> 00:00:41.889 Wenn ich also keinen spezifischen, sehr speziellen Detailbezug zu einem Artikel über Sezen Aksu's Musik aus dem Jahr 2002 habe, dann ist das nicht relevant für mich. 00:00:42.209 --> 00:00:45.752 Was ich brauche, sind Artikel seit 2020 zum Beispiel. 00:00:46.880 --> 00:00:56.548 Oder Informationen zum Wechselkurs in der Türkei aus dem Jahr 2002 haben heute keine Gültigkeit, wenn ich keinen Vergleich oder eine Untersuchung durchführe. 00:00:57.629 --> 00:00:59.430 Ein weiteres Kriterium ist die gültige URL. 00:00:59.670 --> 00:01:03.613 Das bedeutet, dass es keine gefälschte URL gibt und die Website echt ist. 00:01:04.854 --> 00:01:08.217 Wir konnten dies durch eine Domainabfrage überprüfen. 00:01:08.837 --> 00:01:10.339 Die Domainabfrage auf Türkisch. 00:01:11.194 --> 00:01:21.785 Impressum, Impressum, Handelsregisternummer, also wer eine Internetseite erstellt hat und wenn es sich um ein Unternehmen handelt, die Handelsregisternummer dieses Unternehmens. 00:01:21.845 --> 00:01:21.985 Ist das wahr? 00:01:22.706 --> 00:01:25.528 Denn ich kann das zum Beispiel vom Finanzministerium bestätigen lassen. 00:01:26.409 --> 00:01:27.670 Was sind die Kontaktdaten? 00:01:28.011 --> 00:01:31.053 Ist dies ein echtes Unternehmen und hat dieses Unternehmen ein Büro? 00:01:31.414 --> 00:01:35.958 Oder wie kann ich mit diesem Unternehmen oder dieser politischen Partei in Kontakt treten? 00:01:37.515 --> 00:01:47.898 Die Qualität des Inhalts, zum Beispiel haben sie Bilder von hier und da genommen, sie alle verwendet, es sieht alles sehr schön aus, aber bei der Erstellung dieses Inhalts, haben die Personen, die diese Bilder 00:01:48.038 --> 00:01:56.660 eingefügt haben, diesen Personen Kredit gegeben, wurden rechtliche Schritte bezüglich des Urheberrechts dieser Personen unternommen, denn von 00:01:57.040 --> 00:02:04.824 unerlaubten Informationen zu profitieren, wird uns letztendlich auch in ein Verbrechen verwickeln, und schließlich die Eigentümerschaft, Domain-Validierung, es ähnelt der gültigen URL. 00:02:04.884 --> 00:02:10.348 Es ist möglich, zu sehen, ob es sich um eine gültige URL handelt, ohne die Eigentümerschaftsvalidierung durchzuführen. 00:02:10.548 --> 00:02:21.657 Jede Website mit HTTPS-Verbindung, zum Beispiel können wir sehen, dass die URLs HTTPS Cumhuriyet.com TR oder HSBC.com TR echt sind. 00:02:21.697 --> 00:02:23.499 Denn sie sind digital zertifiziert. 00:02:24.675 --> 00:02:33.728 Aber es gibt einige Websites, bei denen die Verwendung von HTTPS nicht möglich ist, da die darin enthaltenen Cookies und ähnliche Vorgänge die HTTPS-Verbindung verlangsamen und Probleme verursachen, 00:02:33.768 --> 00:02:35.389 was sehr selten vorkommt. 00:02:35.750 --> 00:02:41.698 Es ist möglich, die Echtheit einer Domain durch eine Domain-Abfrage der Domaininhaber festzustellen. 00:02:44.110 --> 00:02:48.511 Was haben wir gesagt, zertifizierte Seiten, Zertifikatseiten, darauf werden wir achten. 00:02:48.671 --> 00:02:51.852 Wir bevorzugen in der Regel HTTPS gegenüber HTTP. 00:02:52.532 --> 00:02:59.873 Auf der anderen Seite ist es wichtig, internationale Webadressen, d.h. Internetadressen, ihre Inhaber und Anbieter zu identifizieren. 00:03:02.194 --> 00:03:08.915 ICANN ist eine internationale Organisation und hilft dabei, herauszufinden, wer für internationale Domainnamen registriert ist. 00:03:09.980 --> 00:03:20.665 Dafür müssen wir die Seite https://taksimtaksimlookup.icann.org verwenden. 00:03:21.145 --> 00:03:33.871 Auf der anderen Seite gibt es auch Websites für verschiedene Domainbereiche in Deutschland und der Schweiz, aber in der Türkei gibt es keine offizielle Website, die eine solche Überprüfung ermöglicht. 00:03:34.011 --> 00:03:35.512 Natürlich können wir diese Abfrage durchführen, aber sie besteht aus mehreren Schritten. 00:03:36.738 --> 00:03:42.069 Es gibt zuständige Behörden und Institutionen, aber es gibt noch keine praktische und rechtlich gültige Lösung. 00:03:51.428 --> 00:03:53.868 Lassen Sie uns einige Begriffe lernen. 00:03:54.109 --> 00:03:55.609 Zum Beispiel, wer ist der Betreiber? 00:03:56.569 --> 00:04:00.330 Suchen Sie nach dem Impressum, das auf jeder Website vorhanden sein sollte. 00:04:01.010 --> 00:04:02.590 Was ist der Zweck der Website? 00:04:02.670 --> 00:04:06.211 Es ist wichtig, die Überschriften Über uns, Vision und Mission zu lesen. 00:04:06.791 --> 00:04:14.452 Auf E-Commerce-Websites ist es wichtig, auf die Handelsregisternummer, die allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen und die Firmenadresse zu achten. 00:04:16.153 --> 00:04:16.753 Vertrauenswürdigkeit. 00:04:18.110 --> 00:04:20.892 Ist klar, ob die Aussage eine individuelle Meinung ist? 00:04:21.073 --> 00:04:25.596 Basieren die Ansichten auf Forschung, Experimenten, Literatur, Experten und ähnlichen Quellen? 00:04:25.696 --> 00:04:27.198 Wird auf Quellen verwiesen? 00:04:27.278 --> 00:04:29.460 Gibt es eine erklärende Liste von Verbindungen? 00:04:29.520 --> 00:04:40.969 Es ist unerlässlich, die Antwort auf die Frage, die wir gerade besprochen haben, sorgfältig zu überprüfen, insbesondere auf Seiten wie Wikipedia, da wir entweder die Möglichkeit haben, zu lügen, wenn wir eine Information verwenden, deren Quelle wir nicht kennen, 00:04:41.230 --> 00:04:45.553 oder die Möglichkeit haben, Opfer von Unwissenheit zu werden. 00:04:45.613 --> 00:04:49.257 Deshalb sind Quellen und Vertrauenswürdigkeit äußerst wichtig. 00:04:50.612 --> 00:04:52.133 Wir haben über Aktualität gesprochen. 00:04:52.253 --> 00:04:54.434 Wir können uns die Daten der Artikel ansehen, zum Beispiel. 00:04:54.613 --> 00:05:00.958 Die Internetseite gibt am unteren Rand und oben Informationen darüber, wann die Internetseite zuletzt aktualisiert wurde. 00:05:02.178 --> 00:05:02.919 A-Erstellung. 00:05:02.959 --> 00:05:05.841 Gibt es Informationen zu Finanzierung oder Sponsoring? 00:05:05.880 --> 00:05:07.242 Zum Beispiel arbeiten wir mit einem Unternehmen zusammen. 00:05:07.282 --> 00:05:08.723 Wer ist der wahre Eigentümer dieses Unternehmens? 00:05:09.063 --> 00:05:09.924 Wer ist der Sponsor? 00:05:10.404 --> 00:05:11.925 Woher kommt die Finanzierung? 00:05:12.185 --> 00:05:13.846 Wir werden an eine NGO spenden. 00:05:14.086 --> 00:05:15.467 Woher kommt unser Geld? 00:05:15.627 --> 00:05:16.348 Wohin geht es? 00:05:16.548 --> 00:05:18.169 Gibt es Referenzen dazu? 00:05:19.109 --> 00:05:25.235 Diese Informationen sind auch für politische Parteien und ähnliche NGOs, also zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen, wichtig.

WEBVTT 00:00:01.564 --> 00:00:05.889 What are the criteria for evaluating the reliability of a website? 00:00:06.470 --> 00:00:11.096 We have covered this in various units on many topics. 00:00:11.135 --> 00:00:13.839 Now, let's quickly summarize. 00:00:14.520 --> 00:00:18.143 There are 7 criteria for evaluating website security. 00:00:20.114 --> 00:00:23.036 Basically, what we need to look at. 00:00:23.857 --> 00:00:30.321 One, security certificate, security protocol, whether it uses HTTPS or not. 00:00:30.801 --> 00:00:31.622 Two, currency. 00:00:32.182 --> 00:00:41.889 So, if I'm not looking for a specific, very specific detail like an article about Sezen Aksu's music from 2002, it's not relevant to me. 00:00:42.209 --> 00:00:45.752 What I need are articles published since 2020, for example. 00:00:46.880 --> 00:00:56.548 or information about the exchange rate in Turkey from 2002, if I'm not doing a comparison or research, it's not valid for me. 00:00:57.629 --> 00:00:59.430 The other is the valid URL. 00:00:59.670 --> 00:01:03.613 Meaning it's not a fake URL, that this website is real. 00:01:04.854 --> 00:01:08.217 We used to verify this without domain query. 00:01:08.837 --> 00:01:10.339 The translation of domain query. 00:01:11.194 --> 00:01:21.785 Publisher's information, imprint, commercial seal, meaning who created a web page and if it's a company, the company's commercial seal number. 00:01:21.845 --> 00:01:21.985 Is it real? 00:01:22.706 --> 00:01:25.528 Because I can verify this, for example, from the Ministry of Finance. 00:01:26.409 --> 00:01:27.670 What are the contact details? 00:01:28.011 --> 00:01:31.053 Is this a real company and does this company have an office? 00:01:31.414 --> 00:01:35.958 Or how can I get in touch with this company or this political party? 00:01:37.515 --> 00:01:47.898 For example, the content quality, they have taken images from here and there, used all of them, it looks very nice, but in the creation of this content, did the person who placed these photos 00:01:48.038 --> 00:01:56.660 give credit to the people who took these photos? Was any action taken regarding the copyright of these people? Because benefiting from illegal information 00:01:57.040 --> 00:02:04.824 will eventually make us an accomplice to a crime, and finally, domain ownership verification shows similarity with the valid URL. 00:02:04.884 --> 00:02:10.348 It is possible to see whether it is a valid URL without performing domain ownership verification. 00:02:10.548 --> 00:02:21.657 For example, any website with an HTTPS connection, such as HTTPS Cumhuriyet.com TR or HSBC.com TR, we can see that it is a real URL. 00:02:21.697 --> 00:02:23.499 Because it has been digitally certified. 00:02:24.675 --> 00:02:33.728 However, there are some sites where it is not possible to use HTTPS because the cookies and similar processes inside it slow down with HTTPS and cause problems 00:02:33.768 --> 00:02:35.389 which is very rare. 00:02:35.750 --> 00:02:41.698 It is possible for us to verify whether the domain owners are real by performing a domain query. 00:02:44.110 --> 00:02:48.511 As we mentioned, we need to pay attention to certified pages and their certificates. 00:02:48.671 --> 00:02:51.852 We generally prefer HTTPS over HTTP. 00:02:52.532 --> 00:02:59.873 On the other hand, it is important for us to be able to identify international web addresses, internet addresses, their owners, and providers. 00:03:02.194 --> 00:03:08.915 ICANN is an international organization that helps us find out who international domain names are registered to. 00:03:09.980 --> 00:03:20.665 For this, we need to use the page https://taksimtaksimlookup.icann.org. 00:03:21.145 --> 00:03:33.871 On the other hand, there are websites for various domain areas in Germany and Switzerland, but in Turkey, there is no official internet page that provides such a check. 00:03:34.011 --> 00:03:35.512 Of course, we can perform this query, but it consists of several steps. 00:03:36.738 --> 00:03:42.069 There are relevant authorities and institutions, but a practical and legally valid solution has not been found yet. 00:03:51.428 --> 00:03:53.868 Let's learn some terms. 00:03:54.109 --> 00:03:55.609 For example, who is the operator? 00:03:56.569 --> 00:04:00.330 Look for the internet contact information that should be present on every website. 00:04:01.010 --> 00:04:02.590 What is the purpose of the website? 00:04:02.670 --> 00:04:06.211 It is important to read the headings about us, our vision, and our mission. 00:04:06.791 --> 00:04:14.452 In e-commerce websites, it is important to pay attention to whether the company registration number, general terms and conditions, and company address are available. 00:04:16.153 --> 00:04:16.753 Reliability. 00:04:18.110 --> 00:04:20.892 Is it clear whether the statement is an individual opinion? 00:04:21.073 --> 00:04:25.596 Is the opinion based on studies, experiments, literature, experts, and similar sources? 00:04:25.696 --> 00:04:27.198 Are the sources mentioned? 00:04:27.278 --> 00:04:29.460 Is there an annotated list of references? 00:04:29.520 --> 00:04:40.969 It is essential to carefully review information that we do not know the source of, such as on pages like Wikipedia that we discussed just now, because when we use information 00:04:41.230 --> 00:04:45.553 that we do not know the source of, we either risk lying or becoming a victim of ignorance. 00:04:45.613 --> 00:04:49.257 Therefore, both the source and reliability are extremely important. 00:04:50.612 --> 00:04:52.133 We talked about currency. 00:04:52.253 --> 00:04:54.434 We can check the dates of the articles, for example. 00:04:54.613 --> 00:05:00.958 The last update date of a website is provided at the bottom and top of the website. 00:05:02.178 --> 00:05:02.919 A creation. 00:05:02.959 --> 00:05:05.841 Are there any explanations about financing or sponsorship? 00:05:05.880 --> 00:05:07.242 For example, if we are working with a company. 00:05:07.282 --> 00:05:08.723 Who is the real owner of this company? 00:05:09.063 --> 00:05:09.924 Who is the sponsor? 00:05:10.404 --> 00:05:11.925 Where is the financing coming from? 00:05:12.185 --> 00:05:13.846 We will make a donation to an NGO. 00:05:14.086 --> 00:05:15.467 Where does our money come from? 00:05:15.627 --> 00:05:16.348 Where does it go? 00:05:16.548 --> 00:05:18.169 Are there any references regarding this? 00:05:19.109 --> 00:05:25.235 These are the information we need to pay attention to regarding political parties and similar NGOs, which are civil society organizations.

WEBVTT 00:00:01.564 --> 00:00:05.889 Bir internet sitesinin güvenilirliğini değerlendirme kriterleri nedir? 00:00:06.470 --> 00:00:11.096 Bunu çok çeşitli konularda ünitelerde ele aldık. 00:00:11.135 --> 00:00:13.839 Şimdi gelin hızlıca bir özet geçelim. 00:00:14.520 --> 00:00:18.143 Web sitesi güvenlik değerlendirme kriterleri arkadaşlar 7 tane. 00:00:20.114 --> 00:00:23.036 Temel olarak ihtiyacımız olacak, bakacağımız. 00:00:23.857 --> 00:00:30.321 Bir, bunlardan güvenlik sertifikası, güvenlik protokolü yani HTTPS kullanıyor mu, kullanmıyor mu? 00:00:30.801 --> 00:00:31.622 İki, güncellik. 00:00:32.182 --> 00:00:41.889 Yani benim Sezen Aksu'nun müzikleriyle ilgili 2002'de yayınlanmış bir makaleyle çok bir alakam, spesifik çok özel bir detay aramıyorsam yok. 00:00:42.209 --> 00:00:45.752 Benim ihtiyacım olan şey 2020'den beri olan makaleler mesela. 00:00:46.880 --> 00:00:56.548 veya Türkiye'deki döviz kuruyla ilgili 2002'deki bir bilginin bugün eğer ben bir karşılaştırma veya bir araştırma yapmıyorsam benim için bir geçerliliği yok. 00:00:57.629 --> 00:00:59.430 Diğeri ise geçerli URL. 00:00:59.670 --> 00:01:03.613 Yani sahte bir URL olmadığı, bu web sitesinin gerçek olduğu. 00:01:04.854 --> 00:01:08.217 Bunu domain sorgulamadan hatırlarsanız gerçekleştirebiliyorduk. 00:01:08.837 --> 00:01:10.339 Alan adı sorgulama Türkçesi. 00:01:11.194 --> 00:01:21.785 Baskı bilgesi, künyesi, ticari sigilini, yani bir internet sayfası kim tarafından oluşturuldu ve bu mesela bir şirketse bu şirketin ticari sigil numarası 00:01:21.845 --> 00:01:21.985 gerçek mi? 00:01:22.706 --> 00:01:25.528 Bunu çünkü ben Maliye Bakanlığı'ndan mesela doğrulayabilirim. 00:01:26.409 --> 00:01:27.670 İletişim bilgileri neler? 00:01:28.011 --> 00:01:31.053 Bu gerçek bir firma ve bu firmanın bir ofisi var mı? 00:01:31.414 --> 00:01:35.958 Yoksa ben bu firmayla veya bu siyasi partiyle nasıl iletişim içerisine girebilirim? 00:01:37.515 --> 00:01:47.898 İçerik kalitesi mesela sağdan soldan böyle görseller almışlar hepsini kullanmışlar tamam çok güzel gözüküyor fakat bu içeriğin oluşturulmasında bu fotoğrafları 00:01:48.038 --> 00:01:56.660 koyan insan bu fotoğrafları çeken insanlara peki kredi verdi mi bu insanların telif hakkı ile ilgili bir işlem yapıldı mı çünkü yasal olmayan bir bilgiden 00:01:57.040 --> 00:02:04.824 faydalanmak elinde sonunda bizi de bir suça ortak edecektir ve son olarak alan sahipliği domain doğrulaması Geçerli URL ile benzerlik gösteriyor. 00:02:04.884 --> 00:02:10.348 Geçerli URL olup olmadığını alan sahipliği doğrulaması yapmadan da görmemiz mümkün. 00:02:10.548 --> 00:02:21.657 HTTPS bağlantılı herhangi bir web sitesi mesela HTTPS Cumhuriyet.com TR veya HSBC.com TR'nin gerçek bir URL olduğunu görebiliyoruz. 00:02:21.697 --> 00:02:23.499 Çünkü dijital olarak sertif kalandırılmış. 00:02:24.675 --> 00:02:33.728 Fakat bazı siteler var ki HTTPS kullanması mümkün değil çünkü içerisindeki çerezler ve benzeri yapılan işlemler HTTPS ile çok yavaşlıyor ve sorun çıkarıyor 00:02:33.768 --> 00:02:35.389 ki bu çok nadir olarak gerçekleşir. 00:02:35.750 --> 00:02:41.698 Bu alan sahiplerinin domain'in gerçek olup olmadığını domain sorgulaması yaparak gerçekleştirmemiz mümkün. 00:02:44.110 --> 00:02:48.511 Ne demiştik sertifikalı sayfalar sertifikası sayfalar temel olarak dikkat edeceğimiz bu. 00:02:48.671 --> 00:02:51.852 HTTPS'i HTTP'ye genellikle tercih ediyoruz. 00:02:52.532 --> 00:02:59.873 Diğer bir yandan uluslararası web adreslerini yani internet adreslerini sahiplerini ve sağlayıcılarını bulabilmemize tanıyabilmemiz önemli. 00:03:02.194 --> 00:03:08.915 ICANN uluslararası bir kuruluştur ve uluslararası alan adlarının kim adına kayıt edildiğini bulabilmeye yardımcı olur. 00:03:09.980 --> 00:03:20.665 Bunun için https://taksimtaksimlookup.icann.org sayfasını kullanmamız lazım. 00:03:21.145 --> 00:03:33.871 Diğer bir yandan Almanya ve İsviçre'deki çeşitli domen alanları için yine siteler mevcuttur fakat Türkiye'de böyle bir kontrolü sağlayan internet sayfası 00:03:34.011 --> 00:03:35.512 resmi olarak yoktur. 00:03:36.738 --> 00:03:42.069 Tabii ki bu sorgulamayı gerçekleştirebiliriz ama bu sorgulamayı gerçekleştirirken birkaç adımdan oluşuyor. 00:03:42.229 --> 00:03:48.742 İlgilim merci ve kurumlar var fakat henüz pratik ve yasal olarak geçerliliyor olan bir çözüm bulunmadı. 00:03:51.428 --> 00:03:53.868 Bazı terimleri öğrenelim. 00:03:54.109 --> 00:03:55.609 Mesela, operatör kimdir? 00:03:56.569 --> 00:04:00.330 Her internet sitesinde bulunması gereken internet künyesini arayın. 00:04:01.010 --> 00:04:02.590 İnternet sayfasının amacı nedir? 00:04:02.670 --> 00:04:06.211 Hakkımızda, vizyonumuz, misyonumuz başlıklarını okumamız önemlidir. 00:04:06.791 --> 00:04:14.452 E ticaret sitelerinde firma sicil numarasını, genel şartlar ve koşuların firma adresinin bulunup bulunmadığına dikkat etmemiz önemlidir. 00:04:16.153 --> 00:04:16.753 Güvenilirlik. 00:04:18.110 --> 00:04:20.892 İfadenin bireysel bir görüş olup olmadığı açık mı? 00:04:21.073 --> 00:04:25.596 Görüş çalışmalara, deneyelere, literatüre, uzmanlara ve benzeri kaynaklara dayanıyor mu? 00:04:25.696 --> 00:04:27.198 Kaynaklardan bahsediliyor mu? 00:04:27.278 --> 00:04:29.460 Açıklamalı bir bağlantı listesi var mı? 00:04:29.520 --> 00:04:40.969 Sorusunun cevabını az önce de ele aldığımız Wikipedia gibi sayfalarda dikkatlice gözden geçirmemiz elzem bir durum çünkü kaynağını bilmediğimiz bir bilgiyi 00:04:41.230 --> 00:04:45.553 kullandığımızda ya yalan söyleme ihtimalimiz var ya da bir cehaletin kurbanı olma ihtimalimiz var. 00:04:45.613 --> 00:04:49.257 Bu sebeple kaynak ve güvenilirlik son derece önemli. 00:04:50.612 --> 00:04:52.133 Güncellikten bahsetmiştik. 00:04:52.253 --> 00:04:54.434 Makalelerin tarihlerine bakabiliriz mesela. 00:04:54.613 --> 00:05:00.958 İnternet sayfası en son ne zaman güncellenmiş bir internet sayfasının en alt kısmında bununla ilgili bilgi verilmekte ve en üstünde. 00:05:02.178 --> 00:05:02.919 A oluşturma. 00:05:02.959 --> 00:05:05.841 Finansman veya sponsorluk hakkında açıklamalar yapılmış mı? 00:05:05.880 --> 00:05:07.242 Mesela bir şirketle çalışıyoruz. 00:05:07.282 --> 00:05:08.723 Bu firmanın gerçek sahibi kim? 00:05:09.063 --> 00:05:09.924 Sponsoru kim? 00:05:10.404 --> 00:05:11.925 Finansmanı nereden yapılıyor? 00:05:12.185 --> 00:05:13.846 Bir STK'ya bağışla bulunacağız. 00:05:14.086 --> 00:05:15.467 Bizim paramız nereden geliyor? 00:05:15.627 --> 00:05:16.348 Nereye gidiyor? 00:05:16.548 --> 00:05:18.169 Bununla ilgili referanslar var mı? 00:05:19.109 --> 00:05:25.235 Siyasi partiler ve benzeri STK yani sivil toplum kuruluşlarıyla ilgili de dikkat etmemiz gereken bilgiler bunlar.